Skew-symmetric matrix
Remarks (See here:
- The rank of a skew-symmetric matrix is even.
Proof.
Suppose that is a skew-symmetric matrix of rank and dimension . Now could very well be zero, and since zero is an even number, then has an even rank. So assume instead that . Consequently, we can pick out exactly rows, say those with the indices , which span the entire row space. Given that for a skew-symmetric matrix each column is equal to times the transpose of the corresponding row, therefore every column of the matrix can be expressed as a linear combination of the columns with indices in the exact same way that the corresponding row is expressed as a linear combination of the rows with these same indices. We know that if we remove a row/column of a matrix that is in the span of the remaining rows/columns, the rank does not change. Thus, we can remove all the rows and columns remaining and not change the rank. Due to symmetry, every time we remove a row, we remove its corresponding column. This way, we have preserved the structure of the matrix. The resultant submatrix has dimensions and full rank .
Suppose for the sake of contradiction that is odd. We know that . Then the determinant of this submatrix is
and therefore . This contradicts our assumption that . Hence, is an even natural number.
- The non-zero roots of the characteristic polynomial of a real skew-symmetric matrix are purely imaginary numbers.
- A real skew-symmetric matrix is similar to a matrix
where
with real numbers, .
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Author of the notes: Antonio J. Pan-Collantes
antonio.pan@uca.es